Robber Barons in America Essay -- Cornelius Vanderbilt Wealth Money Es

Robber Barons in America What is a robber baron? Websters New Dictionary defines it as an American capitalist of the lately 19th century who became wealthy through exploitation (As of natural resources, governmental influence, or low wage scales) or a person who satisfies himself by depriving another. In America we had a lot of these kind of people. For this report I am going to tell you about the ones that I found most interesting to me. I would first like to tell you about Cornelius Vanderbilt.Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in Port Richmond on Staten Island, N. Y. in 1794. Cornelius at the age of 16 had already stepped into the busniess gentleman and he didnt even know it. At 16 he entered into the steamboat business when he established a freight and passenger service between Stanton Island and Manhattan. Little did Cornelius know this would be one of the key ways he would make his millions upon millions. Cornelius entered the steamer business in 1818, and bought his first steamship in 1829. Cornelius was not a laid back guy nothing was ever good enough for him. If you had and Cornelius Vanderbilt wanted it there wasnt much you could do to keep him from acquire it. This is the kind of attitude that put him on merry-go-round of the world. After establishing his steamboat Vanderbilt became a very vigorous competitor, lowering his rates while also making his ships top of the line. Vanderbilt the entrepuner himself soon controlled must of the Hudson River. After awhile his fellow competitors in the steamboat business paid him to take some of his traffic elsewhere so that he wouldnt get all the work. By 1846 Vanderbilt was a very wealthy man and with wealth he intimate cam power. He became widely know as the Commodore Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt sell his steamboats in 1862 and began buying railroad stocks. In a mere 5 years Vanderbilt used his power to uphold most of the New York Central railway line system. Vanderbilt like in his steamboats strived to be the best in the railroads now. Vanderbilt established many railway systems during his railroad career maybe his most famous was that of the one that machine-accessible New York and Chicago in a direct rail route in 1873. At the time of Vanderbilts death in 1877 he was worthy over 100 million dollars the most at that time.Another questionable hard workingman is that of John Davison Rockefeller. Rockefeller was born in R... ...of what we know about cars to Henry hybridisation. Ford died April 7, 1947, in Dearborn.Who owns the Superstation and the capital of Georgia Braves? The television king Robert Edward food turner III who was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1938. turner who was educated at the Georgia Military honorary society and Brown Universitey. Turner had a major set back in his life after his dad committed suicide. He inherited the family billboard-advertising business. In 1970 Turner had bought a failing television station in Atlanta, Georgia and by 1975 he had transfor med it in to one of the leading stations.. He did this by video display low-cost sports and entertainment programs via satellite to cable systems throughout the country. In 1976 Turner bought the baseball team the Atlanta braves and then the next year he bought the Atlanta Hawks In 1980 Turner invented Cable News Network(CNN) the first 24 hour news station. In 1988 he launched Turner Network Television(TNT). Then in 1991 Turner married the actress Jane Fonda. Turner now at the age of 63 still owns all his companies.I would have to say that after doing this report I learned that no matter how you earn the money you just have to have it to be successful.

The Battle Between Heart and Conscience in Mark Twains Huckleberry Fin

The Battle Between Heart and Conscience in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Society can deplete a huge impact on an individuals moral growth. Sometimes the impact is positive but other times the learned habits and set morals of nightclub constitute a negative effect. In Mark Twains novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character, Huck, struggles with what society teaches him and with what he knows to be good and true. During different conflicts concerning either the king and duke, various women or Jim, Hucks sound heart wins the battle over his conscience, which the reader knows to be ill-formed. Right from the first time Huck hears the story of the king and dukes amazing pasts Huck knows, these liars warnt no kings nor dukes at all (Twain 166). However, Huck also does not want to make any trouble so he goes along with the lie. Society may have taught Hucks conscience that lying is wrong but in this case the truth would have caused unnecessary danger and havoc. Another time that Huck sees right finished the king and duke, is during the Wilks inheritance situa...

Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s Davids Essay example -

Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s DavidsThe greatest artist has no purpose which a single block of marble does not potenti every last(predicate)y contain within its mass, but only a hand obedient to the mind batch penetrate to this image.Michelangelo describes in the above commendation what it is like to form a likeness of a person out of a large block of marble. As we know from seeing his act as, he did an comminuted job with this task. Bernini did just as fine a job on his, but in a oft different way as you lead see in the following pages.MichelangeloMichelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, a tiny village, owned by the nearby metropolis-state of Florence. His father was the mayor. He accompanied school in Florence, but he was preoccupied by art. When he was 13, his father agreed to apprentice him to slightly well-known painters in Florence. Michelangelo was unsatisfied with these artists, because they would not teach him their artistic s ecrets. He went to work under another sculptor hired by Lorenzo de Medici.When Michelangelo was 21, he went to Rome, where he was commissioned to carve a assemblage of marble statues showing the Virgin Mary supporting the dead Christ on her knees. His sculpture was called Madonna Della Pieta, and it make Michelangelo famous. A few years later, in 1501, he accepted a commission for a statue of David. He took on the challenge of carving this beautiful work out of a huge unsubdivided chunk of pure white unflawed Carrara marble some 18 feet high and weighing several lashings - that had been badly block out and and then abandoned by an earlier sculptor (Coughlan 85). This piece had always fascinated Michelangelo, but neither he, nor anyone else, could think of what to carve from it, until now (Coughlan 85). Thus began a revolutionary era in art, the High Renaissance.He began carving this statue for the city of Florence. It would become a symbol of this city, a city willing to take on all comers in defense of its liberty (Coughlan 91). The statue acquired this meaning by the way Michelangelo depicted this biblical character. Instead of presenting us with the succeeder of the appointment, with the giants head at his feet and a sword in his hand like Donatello did many years before, he portrays David right before the battle begins. David is in the moment where his people be hesitating and Goliath is mocking him. He is placed... ...that will live on forever, just as their names and sculptures will. whole kit and caboodle CitedCeysson, Bernard. form The Great Tradition of Sculpture from the Fifteenth Century to the Eighteenth Century. newly York Rizzloi International Publications, Inc, 1987.Coughlan, Robert. The World of Michelangelo1475-1564. New York Time-Life Books, 1966.Gilbert, Creighton. Michelangelo. New York McGraw-Hill Books Co, 1967.Hartt, Frederick. Michelangelo The Complete Sculpture. New York kindle N. Abrams, Inc.Heusinger, Lutz. The Library of Great Masters Michelangelo. New York Riverside Book Co, 1989.http//www.geocities.com/Vienna/Choir/4792/david.htmlhttp//www.murrayco.com/eleganza/238David.htmlhttp//www.arthistory.sbc.edu/euroart/117euroart/berninidavid.htmlJanson, H. W. History of Art. 4th ed. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991.Keutner, Herbert. Sculpture Renaissance to rococo A History of Western Sculpture. Greenwich, CT New York Graphic Society, 1969.Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995.Wallace, Robert. The World of Bernini 1598-1680. New York Time-Life Books, 1970. Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s Davids Essay example -Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s DavidsThe greatest artist has no conception which a single block of marble does not potentially contain within its mass, but only a hand obedient to the mind can penetrate to this image.Michelangelo describes in the above quote what it is like to carve a likeness of a person out of a large block of marble. As we know from seeing his work, he did an excellent job with this task. Bernini did just as fine a job on his, but in a much different way as you will see in the following pages.MichelangeloMichelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, a tiny village, owned by the nearby city-state of Florence. His father was the mayor. He attended school in Florence, but he was preoccupied by art. When he was 13, his father agreed to apprentice him to some well-known painters in Florence. Michelangelo was unsatisfied with these artists, because they would not teach him their artistic secrets. He went to work under another sculptor hired by Lorenzo de Medici.When Michelangelo was 21, he went to Rome, where he was commissioned to carve a group of marble statues showing the Virgin Mary supporting the dead Christ on her knees. His sculpture was called Madonna Della Pieta, and it made Michelangelo famous. A few years later, in 1501, he accepted a commission for a statue of David. He took on the challenge of carving this beautiful work out of a huge oblong chunk of pure white unflawed Carrara marble some 18 feet high and weighing several tons - that had been badly block out and then abandoned by an earlier sculptor (Coughlan 85). This piece had always fascinated Michelangelo, but neither he, nor anyone else, could think of what to carve from it, until now (Coughlan 85). Thus began a new era in art, the High Renaissance.He began carving this statue for the city of Florence. It would become a symbol of this city, a city willing to take on all comers in defense of its liberty (Coughlan 91). The statue acquired this meaning by the way Michelangelo depicted this biblical character. Instead of presenting us with the winner of the battle, with the giants head at his feet and a sword in his hand like Donatello did many years before, he portrays David right before the battle begins. David is in the moment where h is people are hesitating and Goliath is mocking him. He is placed... ...that will live on forever, just as their names and sculptures will.Works CitedCeysson, Bernard. Sculpture The Great Tradition of Sculpture from the Fifteenth Century to the Eighteenth Century. New York Rizzloi International Publications, Inc, 1987.Coughlan, Robert. The World of Michelangelo1475-1564. New York Time-Life Books, 1966.Gilbert, Creighton. Michelangelo. New York McGraw-Hill Books Co, 1967.Hartt, Frederick. Michelangelo The Complete Sculpture. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc.Heusinger, Lutz. The Library of Great Masters Michelangelo. New York Riverside Book Co, 1989.http//www.geocities.com/Vienna/Choir/4792/david.htmlhttp//www.murrayco.com/eleganza/238David.htmlhttp//www.arthistory.sbc.edu/euroart/117euroart/berninidavid.htmlJanson, H. W. History of Art. 4th ed. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991.Keutner, Herbert. Sculpture Renaissance to Rococo A History of Western Sculpture. Green wich, CT New York Graphic Society, 1969.Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995.Wallace, Robert. The World of Bernini 1598-1680. New York Time-Life Books, 1970.

Magnetic Disks :: essays research papers fc

Magnetic Disks(Hard Disk)The topic of charismatic magnetic disks is one that involves many physics related phenomenon. The intricate expression and end of Magnetic Disks (or stiff disks) in computers include the principles of Fluid Flow, Rotational Motion, Electromagnetism, and more than. This paper will focus mainly on the previously listed physics occurrences, and the design that goes into engineering the magnetic disk to include them. These physics principles are utilized in such a way that makes the hard disk a rattling common and useful tool, in this day and age. To most people, the magnetic disk is the most important, yet most mysterious, part of a computer system. A hard disk is a seal unit that holds computer data in the form of magnetic patterns.Before learning the physics principles, one must understand the physical design that induces them. A magnetic disk is a flat, circular, rigid sheet of aluminum coated with a layer of magnetic material (can be double sided). Th e material usually is a form of iron oxide with various other elements added. The disk rotates upon a central axis and a movable analyze/write head writes information along concentric tracks (circular paths traced out by movement of the disk) on it. Multiple disks can be stacked to store more information. Typically (1985) 11 disks with 22 surfaces, of which 20 are used (minus top/bottom), are manipulated to read/write data.The head, or device used to leave data onto the magnetic disks, is an important part of the hard disk and composes most of the physics happenings. Current is passed through the head or in the physics case, the conductor, to produce a magnetic field around the conductor. This magnetic field then can influence the disks magnetic material. The head is goaded by an electric motor, using electromagnetism, to exert pushing and pulling forces on magnets to the rotating shaft. In some cases the head moves to a required area on the disk, and the motion of the magnetized surface induces tiny voltage. This voltage is concentrated in the coil of the read head, and can be interpreted as the data stored on the magnetic disk. When the direction of the flow of electric current is reversed, the magnetic fields polarity is reversed.The head is mounted in a slipper (or holder) positioned above the disk at 0.5-2.5 microns from the surface. When the disk is revolving around its axis, an air current creates a velocity gradient with the surface and air.

How Huck Matures in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay examples -

A French philosopher named Henry Burquen once said, To exist is to permute, to change is to mature, to mature is to go on creating oneself endlessly. A good example of how a person develops his or her maturity is the story of huckaback in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by score Twain. In the novel, a young boy from the South travels crush the Mississippi River with a runaway slave where they encounter many adventures and meet many divergent people. Along the way, not only does Huck mature, but he also becomes a kind and loyal person, sometimes going against the values of society. Hucks adventure down the Mississippi River is a passage into manhood because he learns to make decisions on his own as well as gain respect for Jim as a person.Huck matures throughout his adventures as he makes decisions on his own. For instance, before the trip down the Mississippi river, Tom explains to Huck how they should be like the robbers in the books, Huck responds, ?Well, if that?s the way, I?m agreed, but I don?t take no stock in it...But go ahead, I ain?t got nothing to say? (Twain 18). Earlier ...

How Huck Matures in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay examples -

A French philosopher named Henry Burquen once said, To exist is to change, to change is to mature, to mature is to go on creating oneself endlessly. A well-behaved example of how a person develops his or her maturity is the story of Huck in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. In the novel, a young boy from the southwestern travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave where they encounter many adventures and meet many different people. Along the way, not only does Huck mature, merely he also becomes a kind and loyal person, sometimes going against the values of society. Hucks adventure down the Mississippi River is a passage into manhood because he learns to make decisions on his own as well as gain respect for Jim as a person.Huck matures throughout his adventures as he makes decisions on his own. For instance, before the trip down the Mississippi river, Tom explains to Huck how they should be like the robbers in the books, Huck responds, ?Well, if that?s the way, I?m agreed, but I don?t take no stock in it...But go ahead, I ain?t got nothing to say? (Twain 18). Earlier ...

Tanning

Welcome to Four Seasons Tanning, the quintessential consultant for todays salon owner. From the hottest new arrivals in lotions, to the just about(predicate) advanced tanning beds on the market, Four Seasons gives you everything you need to run a successful salon, and for those thinking of opening a salon. Four Seasons Sales and Service is the unmatchable source solution. Saving metre and stress by putting decades of give to work to help your salon profit. Four Seasons Sales and Service is a master indoor tanning distributor with over twenty years of industry experience that was founded in 1983 by twin brothers, Ronnie and Johnny Allen.Ronnies wife owned a small beauty salon, and she decided to add tanning as an additional business. At that time, they were one of the few individuals in the area with any experience on tanning products and tanning equipment. The business started when Ronnie and Johnny worked on their own tanning beds and began to repair other salons in the area. Before long, they began carrying tanning products to help their clients succeed maximum tanning results, and teaching them how to properly take care of their skin while tanning. This was the largest and fastest growing part of the business.What began as a business promoting products and function out of the back of their truck rapidly grew into a large-scale warehouse operation that expanded to shipping nationwide. Four Seasons Sales and Service also crap proven management in distribution of and consultation on tanning products, parts, services, and marketing advantages, while also staying well equipped with first-class investigative, design, and problem resolving power skills. The Allen brothers always reinvested in the caller-out, and prided themselves on taking care of the heart of the business their employees.Currently Four Seasons Sales and Service provide approximately two-hundred full time professional specialists that are friendly and efficient, and are dedicated to par tnering with salon owners to help them achieve their very best. Four Seasons is proud to be the only employee owned company in the Indoor Tanning Industry. This means that Four Seasons specialists and team members have the ability to share in our companys success. Throughout this paper, you will read and learn about a team of incredibly productive and highly motivated individuals that will settle for nothing less than excellence.

Kite Runner Essay Essay

Khaled Hosseinis kite smuggler has many themes that be significant. This book also has themes that are hidden to the reader, to find these themes the reader needs to think closely the events that occur in the book. In this book redemption, discrimination, and violence play a big role in the events in this book.Redemption is unrivalled of the most primary(prenominal) themes in the kite runner. Throughout the horizontal surface, emir is trying to redeem himself because of many events that he was a part of. In the begging of the story Rahim Khan calls amir and tells him There is a way to be good again. (Page 2) Putting this in the first chapter of the story tells the reader many things about emeer, it could tell us that emir has done many things that he regrets, or he has done things that caused pain to someone else. Amirs mother dies when she is giving birth to him, throughout the story Amir tries many different things to redeem himself to his father. When Amir wins the kite c ompetition he thinks that he would finally redeem himself for his mothers death.Amir thinks that he redeems himself because A grin played down on my fathers lips. He opened his arms (Page 79) When someone does this someone will automatically think that you redeemed yourself to that person. some other event that Amir does that he redeems himself for later is when he blackmails Hassan. Amirs father gives him a watch and Amir decides to put it under Hassans pillow. by and by when Amirs father finds out that he took his watch he forgives him, but Ali (Hassans father) says that they make the decision to leave.To the near end of the book, when Amir goes okay to Afghanistan, he receives a letter from Hassan. The letter tells him that he (Hassan) died, and that he has a son that it taken by the Taliban. Amir tells Farid (The person who takes Amir around in Afghanistan) about Sohrab, and he tells him You have a visa to go to America, to life with me and my wife. Its true. I promise (Page 355) When Amir found out that he muzzy his best friend he went through a lot of trouble to get Sohrab. Amir could have avoided this if he did non frame Hassan. If Amir did non frame Hassan, Hassan and Ali could have fled the country with Amir and his father. This event has a big impact on the events in the story. Without these examples of redemption, it is hard to picture the book ending in the way that it did.Along with many other themes, discrimination is one of the less discussed themes in this book. In my opinion I think that discrimination should be a theme that should be as important as any other theme. Discrimination plays a big role in the kite runner because of the organise of the social classes. In the begging of the story we know that Hassan is Amirs Hazara but later we know that he is Amirs brother. When Amir won the kite competition Hassan went to get the winning the kite. Hours had passed and Hassan did not show up. Amir goes looking for him and he asks Omar (only involved in one paragraph) if he saw Hassan, Omar answers him by saying Your Hazara? (Page 68) without saying more than two sentences, we can see that people in the class with Hassan are treated with no respect and they are called Hazaras. some other event that happens when Hassan finally finds the kite that allowed Amir to win the competition he is surrounded by Assef and his gang. Assef is one of the biggest discriminators towards Hazaras as he is intimidating Hassan, he says, A loyal Hazara, Loyal as a dog (Page 72)When Hassan said this he could of compared Hassan to something else, but he picked a dog to show the most disrespect towards Hassan. In my own opinion I think that discrimination towards Hazaras in Kabul is horrible because they are treated as if they are a different lead of people. Hazaras have the exact physical features as any average human being but they are treated like they are slaves. This is how discrimination, which is one of the themes that is not talked a bout a lot, is significant in this book.Violence is also one of the themes that are not discussed as much, violence should be because it is important and it is hidden. There are many examples that show violence in the book. One of the examples that show violence is when Hassan gets pillaged when Assef and his gang surround him. The author does not tell the reader that Hassan got raped but instead he makes Wali, one of the members of Assefs gang, tell Assef My father says its sinful (Page 75) This is a indirect message to inform the reader that Hassan gets raped. This is one great example that violence plays a big role in the process of this book. Assef could of threated Hassan instead of raping him. In my opinion I think that he could not have done something that wasnt related to violence. Assef wanted to have his revenge on Hassan but it was hard to do something that has nothing to do with violence.Later on in the book, when Amir and Hassan do not talk to each other after Hassan g ot raped for him over a kite. Hassan asked if he could go under the pomegranate tree tree and let Amir read a story for him. When Amir and Hassan were under the pomegranate tree, Hassan asked Amir what he was doing wrong so he could stop, Amir told him that Hassan should stand up for himself. Hassan did not answer and Amir started to throw pomegranates on Hassan, Amir then told him Hit me back Hit me back goddamn you (Page 92) this is another(prenominal) great example that shows the violence that is included in the book. Hassan is the most loyal person in the book and Amir does not appreciate it instead Amir wants Hassan to hit him with a pomegranate. When Hassan stands up, he then smears a pomegranate on his face and walks away. This is how violence plays a theme in the book. It is not as visible(a) as the other themes in the book but it is as significant as the other themes.Redemption, discrimination, and violence are themes in Khaled Hosseinis kite runner that play a big role i n the book. Without these three themes it is hard to picture if the book would end up the way that it actually ended up being.Quotes and Information taken from Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

Neuropsychology of Language

The neuropsychological approaches atomic number 18 gradually leading to important discoveries somewhat legion(predicate) aspects of brain function, and speech communication is no exception. Progress has certainly been made in identifying the structure and comprise of oral communication(s), its universal features, its acquisition and so on, but, until recently, this work has tended to abbreviate pathologies of run-in. More recently, neuropsychologists have begun to draw parallels between aphasic disorders and disruption to specific linguistic processes.This work provides evidence of a double dissociation between semantic and syntactic processes, and illustrates understandably that no chirple brain voice communication centre exists. The development of research tools such as the Wada test, and, more recently, structural and useable image procedures, has enabled researchers to examine expression function in the brains of normal individuals.This work considers the various wa ys that scientists have examined lateralisation, and the conclusions that they have drawn from their research. The work supports the view that language is intermediate by a series of interconnected cortical regions in the left hemisphere, much as the 19th century neurologists proposed. In addition, this work considers recent explorations of language functions in the brain using neurophysiological techniques.At first glance, the two cortical hemispheres look rather like mirror images of each separate. The brain, like other comp singlents of the nervous system, is superficially symmetrical along the midline, but closer inspection reveals many differences in structure, and behavioural studies suggest differences in function too. The reason for these supposed asymmetries is unclear, although they are widely assumed to depend on the action of genes. Some writers have suggested that they are particularly linked to the development in humans of a sophisticated language system (Crow, 1998 ). Others have argued that the asymmetries predated the appearance of language and are related to tool use and hand preference.Scientific interest in language dates back to the earliest attempts by researchers to study the brain in a systematic way, with the work of Dax, Broca and Wernicke in the 19th century. Since then, interest in all aspects of language has intensified to the point where its psychological study (psycholinguistics) is now recognised as a discipline in its own right. In 1874 Karl Wernicke describe two patients who had a quite different type of language disorder. Their speech was fluent but incomprehensible and they also had profound difficulties grounds spoken language.Wernicke later examined the brain of one of these patients and found damage in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus on the left. At the same time as characterising this second salmagundi of language disorder, which we now harbinger Wernickes aphasia, Wernicke developed a theory of ho w the various brain regions with responsibility for receptive and expressive language function interact. His ideas were taken up and developed by Lichtheim and later, by Geschwind.In Brocas aphasia, as with most neurological conditions, impairment is a matter of degree, but the core feature is a attach difficulty in producing coherent speech (hence the alternative names of expressive or non-fluent aphasia). Brocas aphasics can use well-practised expressions without obvious difficulty, and they may also be able to sing a well-known song faultlessly.These abilities demonstrate that the problem is not related to the mechanics of moving the muscles that are concerned with speech. Wernickes first patient had difficulty in understanding speech yet could speak fluently, although what he said usually did not make much sense. This form of aphasia clearly differed in several respects from that described by Broca. The problems for Wernickes patient were related to comprehension and meaningfu l output rather than the agrammatical and telegraphic output seen in Brocas patients.Brocas and Wernickes work generated considerable interest among fellow researchers. In 1885, Lichtheim proposed what has come to be known as the connectionist model of language to explain the various forms of aphasia (seven in all) that had, by then, been characterised. Incidentally, the term connectionist implies that different brain centres are interconnected, and that impaired language function may result either from damage to one of the centres or to the path-In Lichtheims model, Brocas and Wernickes areas formed two points of a triangle (Franklin 2003).The third point represented a concept centre where word meanings were stored and where auditory comprehension thus occurred. Each point was interconnected, so that damage, either to one of the centres (points), or to any of the pathways connecting them would induce some form of aphasia. Lichtheims model explained many of the peculiarities of diff erent forms of aphasia, and became, for a time, the dominant model of how the brain manages language comprehension and production.Three new lines of inquiry the cognitive neuropsychology approach, the functional neuro-imaging research of Petersen, Raichle and colleagues, and the neuroanatomical work of Dronkers and colleagues have prompted new ideas about the networks of brain regions that mediate language. Researchers in the newly emerging field of developmental cognitive neuroscience render to understand how postnatal brain development relates to changes in perceptual, cognitive, and social abilities in infants and children (Johnson 2005).The cognitive neuropsychological approach has underlined the subtle differences in cognitive processes that may ready rise to specific language disorders. The functional imaging research has identified a wider set of left brain (and some right brain) regions that are clearly active as subjects undertake language tasks. The emerging view from these diverse research approaches is that language is a far more complex and sophisticated adroitness than was once thought.A universal design feature of languages is that their meaning-bearing forms are divided into two different subsystems, the open-class, or lexical, and the closed-class, or grammatical (Johnson 1997). Open classes have many members and can readily add many more. They commonly include (the roots of) nouns, verbs, and adjectives.Closed classes have relatively few members and are difficult to augment. They include such bound forms as inflections (say, those appearing on a verb) and such free forms as prepositions, conjunctions, and determiners. In addition to such overt closed classes, there are implicit closed classes such as the set of grammatical categories that appear in a language (say, nounhood, verbhood, etc., per se), and the set of grammatical relations that appear in a language (say, subject status, direct object status, etc.).The work supports a model o f hemispheric specialisation in humans. While it would be an oversimplification to call the left hemisphere the language hemisphere and the right hemisphere the spatial (or non-language) hemisphere, it is easy to see why earlier researchers jumped to this conclusion. Whether this is because the left hemisphere is preordained for language, or because it is innately better at analytic and sequential processing, is currently a matter of debate.The classic neurological approach to understanding the role of the brain in language relied on case studies of people with localised damage, usually to the left hemisphere. Broca and Wernicke described differing forms of aphasia, the prominent features of the former being non-fluent agrammatical speech, and those of the latter being fluent but usually unintelligible speech. Their work led to the development of Lichtheims connectionist model of language, which emphasised both localisation of function and the connections between functional areas.Bi bliographyBrook, A. & Atkins K. (2005). Cognition and the brain the philosophy and neuroscience movement. Cambridge, NY Cambridge University Press.Crain, W. (1992). Theories of phylogenesis Concepts and applications. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall.Crow, T.J. (1998). Nuclear schizophrenic symptoms as a window on the relationship between thought and speech. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 303-309.Franklin, Ronald D. (2003). Prediction in forensic and Neuropsychology Sound Statistical Practices. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah, NJ.Johnson, M. H. (1997). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. Oxford Blackwell Publishers Ltd.Johnson, M. H. (2005) Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. Blackwell, Oxford, 2nd Ed.Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I.Q. (1996). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology, 4th edition, New York Freeman and Co.Maruish, Mark and E. Moses, junior (1997). Clinical Neuropsychology Theoretical Foundations for Practitioners. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah, NJ.Loring, D.W. (1 999). INS Dictionary of Neuropsychology. Oxford Oxford University Press.Stirling, J. (2002). Introducing Neuropsychology. Psychology Press New York.

Eastern Religious Philosopher Quotations

CheckPoint Eastern Religious Philosopher Quotations Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best(p) relationship. oI chose this repeat because Siddhartha devoted his life to find equalizer and clarification. He grew up with wealth and being shielded from human suffering, and wanted to search for something deeper. This quote shows that he found something deeper from the materialistic life he light-emitting diode early on (s9. com, 2009). Lao Tzu To know that you do not know is the best. To pretend to know when you do not know is a disease. o Tzu believed that even off the wisest of humans is still ignorant, and this quote reflects that thought process. He was very interested in how we should live(a) and different ways that a good society is governed. This quote reminds us that we can always be open to learning and discovering even when we think we have mastered something (Axia College, 2008). Chuang Tzu Do the cl ouds make rainwater? Or is it the rain that makes the clouds? What makes it descend so copiously? oTzu believed that life was temporary and that pursuing wealth was acting in vein and foolish.He felt that this pursuit distracted a person from truly seeing the world and its meaning. Tzu wanted to look at nature from a different perspective, and by asking the questions in his quote enabled a deeper look into this idea (Chebucto, n. d. ). Confucious What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others oConfucious taught that to establish ones throw humane use was important and could be done by following positive role models from the past. People can always better themselves through learning and servicing others.It makes esthesis that a man who believes these principles would quote such a simplistic, as yet profound statement (Axia College, 2008). Mencius -With proper nourishment and care, everything grows, whereas without proper nourishment and care, everything decay oI cho se this quote for Mencius because he felt that if people wanted to become a better person, they would have to make the choice to transform their life. He thought that anything can thrive if given over the proper care, and was optimistic about humans and their potential (Axia College, 2008). Hsun Tzu If there is no dull and determined effort, there leave be no brilliant achievement. oTzu took portions of Taoism with Confucianism and added his own beliefs which are known to be a bit more pessimistic. Tzu founded a school and some of his students were philosophers and the future prime minister of Chin. It is no wonder that he would emphasize that effort is needed to attain achievements (Bookrags, 2005-2006). Hui Neng If we are treading on the path of enlightenment we need not be worried by stumbling blocks. Provided we keep a constant eye on our own faults we cannot go astray from the right path oHui Nengs quote reminds me of the underdog winning a game.Considering he was illiterat e and yet can have impressed his patriarch to be his successor is unbelievable. This quote exemplifies that although there will be difficulties in our lives we should continue to improve ourselves and recognize our faults (Bookrags, 2005-2006). Dugan Kigen exult in your birth in the world. oI like this quote from Dogen because he believed in practicing to achieve a joyful life. Even though there will be pain and suffering in the world, if you are to live life according to the Tao, life can still be joyful (Axia College, 2008).Murasaki Shikibu To be pleasant, gentle, composure and self-possessed this is the basis of good taste and charm in a woman oMurasaki was a female author that inspired many with her writings. This quote best represents her ideas feelings that although women were looked upon as non-equals to men, they can still pursue philosophical enlightenment (Axia College, 2008). Yamaoto Tsunetomo There is nothing so painful as regret oYamaoto followed a Samurai traditi on and believed we live in a world with change that is unpredictable and constant.Being prepared for these changes and anticipate problems will help to lessen pain and regret. References Axia College. (2008). Eastern Influences. Retrieved from Axia College, PHI105 Introduction to philosophical system website. Bookrags. (2005-2006). Hsun-tzu Biography. Retrieved from http//www. bookrags. com/biography/hsun-tzu/ Chebucto. (n. d. ). Chuang Tzu The Next Voice. Retrieved from http//www. chebucto. ns. ca/Philosophy/Taichi/chuang. html s9. com. (2009). Siddhartha Gautama. Retrieved from http//www. s9. com/Biography/Buddha

Behavior Essay

Behavior Essay To Teacher Shukrya Student Name Nadeem M7md Grade 10BB School ISCS I am theme this essay for Mrs. Shukrya because I acted inappropriately in her class today. Mrs. Shukrya has discussed my misbehavior with me and I understand why I prolong received this disciplinary assignment. I have also been informed that this essay would be the punishment for any unacceptable behavior in Mrs. Shukryas class. The reason Mrs. Shukrya does not tolerate misbehavior is because she cares to the highest degree me and my success in school.It is important to her that I do well in my classes and earn good grades. It is also important to her that I learn read skills, case-by-case work habits, and self-discipline. Self-discipline is one of the most important things I can learn in school with that skill I can accomplish many things. I need to learn self-discipline so I can act appropriately in class and progress further toward my goals. acting silly, goofing off, blow valuable class time, and acting immature are all signs of disrespectful behavior not only toward Mrs.Shukrya,but also toward my classmates who are trying to frustrate the most out of their education. Along with self-discipline, respect for others is an extremely important thing to learn. I need to realize that there is a time and place for everything. on that point are times for fun and times for serious work. Mrs. Shukryas class is a time for working hard to make good grades and learn study skills. There will be time for fun later after school and on the weekends but in class I need to think on my schoolwork.It may not seem important to me now, but it will be at some point, and Mrs. Shukrya knows this even if I dont yet. Acting the correct way in class will show respect to my teacher and my classmates. It will also benefit me on many levels. I wont have to write this essay again, Ill learn more in class, Ill get more homework and studying done, and my grades will improve. However, if I choose to break the rules again, I will have to face the consequences again. That is how life works.

An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan

John Pierpont Morgan (1837 1931) is one of the more controversial figures in the history of the States and the world of finance. Described as a sui generis, a colossus (McCallum, p. 2), the organizer (Miller, 2003), banker of last resort (Andrews, 1999), and the objet dart of the hour (Corey, p. 348), John Pierpont Morgan has also been called a bandit baron (Andrews, 1999). Thus, it is evident that J. P. Morgan was a man who was as frequently praised for his actions in saving the American economy during the 1895 and 1907 crises, as he was criticized and derided for what was seen as his calculated mark off of the financial world and American business.Viewed from the lens of financial history, however, there can be little doubt that no person, either before or since, has odd upon the great art of money getting so important an influence. (Flynn, p. 452) Indeed, Morgans acumen in finance and business is clearly illustrated by the fact that the U.S. establishment had to set up a w hole array of government institutions, from the Federal Reserve to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Transportation, to carry out the market stabilize functions that Morgan had once assumed (Andrews, 1999). plainly perhaps, the biggest testimony to Morgans financial astuteness and power lies in the role he assumed as defacto profound banker in 1907. For, there can be little doubt that J. P. Morgan single-handedly rescued the American economic system from falling into disarray.The key to understanding how one man could possibly act as the defacto central banker for as democratic, large and influential a country like the United States, lies in not so much analyzing the actual event, but in J. P. Morgans personal history. For, only such an approach could possible explain how he possessed the financial power to nullify the collapse of one of the richest banking systems in the world.John Pierpont Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut on April 17, 1837. The son of a rich commodity broker, Morgan was exposed to the world of finance and business from an early age (1000 Management Giants, 1999). Interestingly, call it sheer coincidence or the hand of destiny, the day of Morgans birth saw all the banks in stark naked York susp lasting specie (currency) payment, with banks in Hartford following suit the next day. Thus, as Flynn (p. 462) points out, the early money king came into the world amid the din of crashing banks.Environmental influences may absorb played a role in instilling in the young Morgan an early pursual in business. However, it appears that Morgan also had a natural vex in and gift for figures. For, even as a child, he is reputed to have kept a meticulous account detailing the receipt and expenditure of his leeway (1000 Management Giants, 1999).Further, this early take was no fluke since he repeatedly proved his prowess with figures in both school and college. So much so, that his senior high school school teacher is reported to have called him a prodigy after witnessing Morgans ability to mentally solve problems in cubic root and decimals. But perhaps the greater compliment to Morgans mathematical ability came when the University of Gottingen offered the graduate student Morgan, a professors chair in mathematics (Flynn, p. 454, 464). as luck would have it for the business world, and unfortunately for the mathematical one, Morgan refused.Morgan entered the business of finance in 1857 as an accountant in the New York based Duncan, Sherman and Company. Morgans first job, as hale as the work he did with his fathers international firm, gave him a unique perspective on specie standardization necessity for credit and calling (obits.com). It is also interesting to note that Morgan began his career in a year of panic, just as he began his life amidst the din of crashing banks. But, perhaps this was a causeless start since, as Geisst (p. 89) observes, the panic of 1857 proved to be a fertile trai ning ground for many future financiers. In Morgans case, this was probably aline since he later demonstrated that he knew the value of financial stability and solidity.Besides the valuable learnings of the initial years, the civil war that followed must also have taught Morgan a great deal in terms of identifying business opportunities in downturns, the effect of war on monetary policy and credit, and most important, the role of courage, confidence, and assent in taking business decisions. In fact, this probably accounts for one of Morgans most famous sayings, Re fragment, my son, that any man who is a bear on the future of this country will go broke. (McCallum, p. 2)Morgan proved his abilities in business very early. For, it is apparent that he quickly learnt the financial ropes to become an increasingly influential member of the firm, Dabney, Morgan & Company (1864-1871), before moving on to become a partner in Drexel, Morgan & Co. In fact, it was the latter firm that grew to be recognized as one of the worlds most powerful financial institutions, both before and after it came to be known as J. P. Morgan & Co. in 1895 (Netstate, 2005).The reputation of J. P. Morgan & Co. was primarily take in in the decade 1879-89 when the House of Morgan consolidated its financial power and developed the institutionalized mechanism for the falsify of investment resources and of industry. Indeed, this is evident in the fact that by 1889, J.P. Morgan had secured control of many important railroads by virtue of his use of new forms and functions of finance such as the formation of trusts, acquisitions and mergers. In fact, this is when Morganization, or the control of finance over industry, and consequently, the centralization of industry and finance, was first established (Corey, p. 131-2).Morgans interest in consolidating the railroads, however, was not just for profit reasons. He was genuinely interested in achieving stabilization in the interests of the American econom y. Therefore, he improved railroad properties and services, increased safety and efficiency, and decreased costs to operators, shippers, and the traveling public (Destler, p. 39 Moody, p. 134 Wagenknecht, p. 56). Morgan achieved this by providing the railways with massive amounts of capital, which they needed for investment. More important, he put a stop to all price wars, thereby foreseeed likely bankruptcies, ensuring in the process that the capital was put to secure use (Andrews, 1999).Much like his interests in the railways, Morgan also invested in consolidating other core sector businesses such as steel and power. For instance, he funded Thomas Edison in saddle horse up the Edison General Electric Company. He later acquired and merged Thomas Houston Electrical with Edison to form General Electric in 1892, to emerge as the controlling force in the power industry (Geisst, p. 115) Similarly, by 1901, he had created U.S. Steel, North Americas first billion dollar company (McCa llum, p. 2). Morgan achieved this through merging his Federal Steel Company with Andrew Carnegies Carnegie Steel Company (obits.com). After the merger, he then proceeded to offer the public the largest to date stock go of $1.4 billion (Geisst, p. 115-6).However, much like the railways, Morgans principal reason for taking an interest in the steel industry was his goal of achieving a stable American economy through stabilization and prevention of violent fluctuations, which the steel industry in particular was subject to. This, Morgan felt, was a critical task because such fluctuations eer resulted in creating periods of inflation and de insistencyion for many other industries, which were dependent on steel (Weinberg, p. 148).The key to Morgans success in amassing wealth and financial control lay in his ability to mobilize funds, overseas and at home, for the various trusts he controlled. In the absence of a central bank, these trusts quickly gained in sack as financiers and banker s aided and contributed to the consolidation of many smaller, innovative companies by merging them into industrial giants (Geisst, p. 124). Therefore, it is hardly surprising that J.P. Morgan & Co., First National, and National City Bank, a tierce dominated by Morgan, held a total of 341 directorships in 112 companies with aggregate capital resources (in money of the day) of between $ 22-25 cardinal in 1912 (Andrews, 1999 Wagenknecht, p.50). Thus, Morgans path to success explains the large power he possessed in the financial and business circles of America. So much so, that even the U.S. government turned to him for help on several occasions. peerless such occasion was in 1985, when the U.S. Treasury was facing a rapidly melting gold reserve. Morgan responded promptly by organizing a syndicate, which supplied the U.S. government with $62 million dollars in gold. This timely action shored up the reserves to a safe limit of $100 million and probably saved the dollar (McCallum, p. 2 Wagenknecht, p. 55). This action, asset the indisputable power of his holdings, makes it evident that by 1907, J. P. Morgan was seen as the first among equals in American finance and industry. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that Wall lane, banks, trusts, and the government turned to him when banks began helplessness in 1907.There were several factors that precipitated the 1907 banking crisis. The chief of these was the rampant speculation that took place between 1905 and 1906 in the background of a prosperous economy, easy credit, and low interest rates (Moody, p. 134-6). To make matters worse, businesspersons such as F. A. Heinze and C. W. Morse regularly used the shares and resources of banks they owned to buy shares in other banks, or finance their more spoiled undertakings (Cahill, 1998 Corey p. 339-40 Moody, p. 138-141).The unchecked and unregulated American financial system of that era did not help matters any, giving speculators free rein to speculate in rail, copper , and indeed, any disregard which Wall Street threw their way, no matter how unsound (Corey, p. 339 Moody, p. 135-6). The first signs of warning of an overheated economy and a bubble actually came in 1906 when Wall Street demand loans and merchants discounts began commanding the highest rate in more than 30 years. In fact, in September 1906, New York banks reported a famine in reserves, leading to the U.S. Treasury depositing government surplus funds in banks (Noyes, p. 357).The action of the U.S. Treasury, however, only resulted in a brief respite. For, in March 1907, prices crashed on the New York Stock Exchange with reports of slackening production and earnings. The situation was further aggravated when large financiers were constrained to liquidate their indigestible securities (Corey, p. 340) by a liquidity crisis (Moody, p. 142 Cahill, 1998). This second mini-crisis was once again averted due to the intervention of the U.S. Treasury, high money rates drawing gold from Europ e, and funds returning to New York post the end of the crop season (Moody, p. 143).These stop gap measures, however, did not address the real issue, namely, speculation and unregulated financing of businesses. Thus, in October 1907, when the shares of United Copper collapsed due to Heinzes attempts to corner them, it led to the collapse of a prominent brokerage firm run by his brother, the Heinze controlled Butte (Montana) Savings Bank and the Mercantile National Bank (Corey, p. 340-1 Moody, p. 144).The New York Clearing House Committee agreed to bail out Mercantile to restore depositor confidence. However, the action failed to do so, owing to a ripple effect that occurred once the committee publicized its findings on Heinze and Morses speculative activities. This ripple effect led to a run on several banks and trusts such as the Knickerbocker Trust associated with Heinze and Morse (Corey, p. 340 Cahill, 1998). From this point, the panic spread to the rest of the country owing to a loss of confidence in the economy and the American system. In addition, the consecutive credit and liquidity squeeze only deepened the crisis.The collapse of the Heinz and Morse controlled empire and the subsequent run on banks led to financial forces coming together quite a automatically under Morgans leadership. Even the U.S. government looked to Morgan to solve the problem, with Secretary of the Treasury, George Cortelyou, rushing to New York to confer with Morgan and his associate financiers. In the absence of a central banking institution, Morgan had no choice but to step in and do what he could in an improvised and dictatorial style. In fact, Morgan was the only man in a position who could do so. For, J. P. Morgan & Co. was in sound condition, having learnt the importance of maintaining a high degree of liquidity from previous experiences (Corey, p. 341-2). In any case, Morgan was known for his conservatism and detestation to speculation (Destler, p. 53 Wagenknecht, p. 56). Therefore, if anyone could be trusted to see America safely through its latest crisis, it was J. P. Morgan.Morgan rose to the occasion admirably. While banks crashed and investors panicked, Morgan mobilized the available money in the banking system and trusts, along with the $25 million handed over by the Treasury, to distribute to the banks and other financial institutions. In addition, J. P. Morgan & Co. announced that it would anticipate all interest and dividend payments payable through the firm (Corey, p. 343-44 Geisst, p. 119). Morgan also stepped in at every crucial juncture of the crisis. For instance, Morgan organized a pool of $ 3 million to prevent the Trust Company of America failing. Similarly, when the New York Stock Exchange showed signs of a financial collapse under the weight of all the margin selling that the trusts and banks were forced into, Morgan bailed out the institution by quickly mobilizing a $25 million pledge of funds (Geisst, p. 119-120).Morgans role in the bank crisis of 1907 led to the press hailing him as Americas savior and man of the hour. (Geisst, p. 120 Corey, p. 348). Unfortunately, however, criticism soon followed with accusations ranging from his having engineered the crisis for profiteering purposes to being a robber baron. This led to the Federal government setting up the Pujo commission in 1912 to investigate Morgans suspected violations of anti-trust laws. The experience, in fact, is said to have broken Morgan who thereafter chose to retire.Morgan died in Rome on august 31, 1931. When he died, he left behind a legacy in investment banking and finance that is revered till today. The debates on Morgans motives may go on. But there is one fact that cannot be contested. And, that is, that he single-handedly saved America from one of its worst financial crises.

An Artist of the Floating World Essay

Today, we be going to talk round The comparison of the English TV chopines for adults and children. As the objects of a comparison, we chose four programs and are for children and are for adults. We would like to talk about five things in our presentation. First of all I will introduce each(prenominal) TV programs next Ayaka will talk about the Entertainment next Keiko will talk about Output/Input then, Risa will talk about pronunciation, finally, I would like to conclude our discussion. Before going to the main topics, I would like to show you the detail of each programs briefly. is an English education program for preschoolers and younger primary school children it broadcasts on NHK educational channel.The program has started since 1990. In 2010, the program marked its 20th anniversary. This program is aired from 845 a.m. to 855 a.m. weekdays, Monday to Friday. (Now I will show you this movie for a little.) is an education program for children produced and directed by an American non-profit TV production office called Childrens Television Workshop/ Sesame Workshop. This program has been popular among more than 140 counties and regions since its debut in 1969 on American TV. is showing the Japanese polish in English for foreigners.This is a program that people can become to understand the professional English and to speak succinctly and clarity. This program has started since 2009, and you can accompany it from 600 a.m. to 620 a.m. on every Tuesday. (I will show you this program.) is a language program aired from 1000 p.m. to 1020 p.m. on every Wednesday on NHK educational channel. This program has 3 months period for each topic. For example, and etc. From these topics, we chose for todays presentation.ConclusionThrough these discussions, we could find various inventions of each program. For children, the programs are produced to focus on the purpose to make children have some interests to English. Therefore, the producer especially tries to reinforce its entertainment using songs, games, pictures etc. We found that children imitate the instructors pronunciation, sentences, phrases, and words more easily than adults. So, it is important to teach the second language by the interaction of instructors and learners. As a result, the English knowledge that children could beget by these TV programs will help to open many opportunities for them in the future.On the other hand, the programs for adults are produced to focus on the purpose of flexible contents. As a result, they can choose the field what they really interested in they are able to acquire the topic thoroughly. We thought there is interactive feeling as well like conversation with native speakers. The conversations with native speakers speaking in English enable the learners to be generally fluent in speaking English. Basically, it is important to make the learner have interest to English however, the most important thing is to create programs tailored for eac h target.

Crime Scene Investigations by First Responders Essay

Crime eyeshots contain the forensic recite required to hook criminals. The proper collection and processing of physical evidence is of primary brilliance to most police investigatings. assure can not only establish the fact of the offense and identify the perpetrator it may crimson lead to a conviction. In collecting this evidence we must be conscious of the publics Fourth Amendment rights and not violate them in this collection of evidence. Unfortunately, poorly conducted plague scene investigations can sometimes either destroy evidence or birth it useless. Law Enforcement should approach the crime scene investigation as if it will be their only opportunity to preserve and recover these physical clues. They should consider early(a) case information or statements from witnesses or suspects guardedly in their objective assessment of the scene. Investigations may flip-flop course a recite of times during such an inquiry and physical clues, initially thought irrelevant, ma y become crucial to a successful resolution of the case. The primary responsibilities of the source responders to a crime overwhelm the following (1) to preserve life.If there is any chance that the victim(s) are still alive it is the archetypal responders reasonability to render aid to save said life. (2) First responders are to control suspects and witnesses keeping them both close however separate. Once these two objectives have been achieved, the get-go responders should focus their attention on protecting and preserving the crime scene. The first response to an incident shall be expeditious and methodical. Upon arrival, the officer(s) shall assess the scene and treat the incident as a crime scene. The first responders should note or log dispatch information such as names, address, time, fictitious character of call, and any other relevant information. Be sensitive of any persons or vehicles leaving the crime scene. The importance of preserving the scene and its adjacent areas in their original condition cannot be overemphasized. Approach the scene cautiously, scan the wide area to thoroughly assess the scene, and note any possible secondary crime scenes.Be aware of any persons and vehicles in the vicinity that may be related to the crime. Remain alert and attentive film the crime is ongoing until determined to be otherwise. Also treat the location as a crime scene until assessed and determined to be otherwise. It is usually the uniformed officer who first arrives at the scene of a crime. After controlling any dangerous situations or persons, the first responding officers next responsibility is to ensure that medical examination checkup attention is provided to injured persons while minimizing contamination of the scene. The first responding officer shall ensure that medical attention is provided with borderline contamination of the scene by guiding medical military group to the victim to calumniate contamination or alteration of the crime sc ene. Point out potential physical evidence to medical personnel, instruct them to minimize contact with such evidence (e.g., ensure that medical personnel preserve all clothing and in the flesh(predicate) effects without cutting through bullet holes, knife tears), and document movement of persons or items by medical personnel.Instruct medical personnel not to clean up the scene and to avoid removal or alteration of items originating from the scene. Protecting the evidence typically involves the establishing a perimeter. Only the investigator in bearing and those personnel that he gives permission to should be allowed to cross these boundaries this makes it for a more controlled scene. Detectives and supervisors are normally in charge of investigations. There should, however, only be one person in charge of the crime scene itself. The first question that the investigator will ask when they arrives should be something like Has anyone been allowed to enter the scene? The investigator should hence(prenominal) use whatever resources are available (e.g., barricades or other uniformed officers) to further protect the area. such measures exclude both curious bystanders and curious officials. Investigators often must turn away any number of officialsboth in and out of uniformwho could unintentionally destroy evidence.Once the area has been secured, the investigator then carries out the duties of search commander. Initially, the commander must obtain the following information The time of the arrival of the first officer at the scene, who was present, what was said, and whether or not everything is exactly as it was when the officer arrived (Dienstein, 1952). Then, the addresses of all persons found on or adjacent to the scene should be collected. Although these people are questioned about their exact location at the time of the crime, they do not usually undergo interrogation on the spot. Rather, such persons are alone removed from the scene and separated They sho uld not be allowed to talk to each other until each has been carefully questioned and statements have been obtained individuals considered as suspect(s) should be read their Miranda Rights.Any violation of Fourth Amendment rights could jeopardize any evidence obtained during an interrogation or interview for use in the case at a trial. Crime scene investigation is a complex process. It involves a number of different professionals and various areas of expertise. Only by playing as a team, however, will the members of such a diverse group ensure that their efforts result in a reasonable outcome. The alteration of a crime scene can cause investigators to draw inconclusive conclusions. By expeditiously carrying out his responsibilities, the first responders may determine the ultimate outcome of an entire investigation. point of referenceDienstein, William, TECHNIQUES FOR THE CRIME INVESTIGATOR, Springfield, ILL Charles C. Thomas, 222 pages, 1952 Lyman, Michael D. Criminal Investigatio n, The Art And The Science. 6. Upper Saddle River , New Jersey Pearson Education Inc, 2011. Print.

Promotional and Advertising Strategies Essay

The author comes from Iran, with an ideological and religious monster g all everyplacenment which owns and controls all of economical and industrial activities with an armed to teeth minority. In much(prenominal) countries they can lay down and sell any low quality with any prices that they want, and actually customers demand non many choices, and rough all of promotional techniques and strategies argon importationless So here we ar talking about supernumerary trade and free grocery countries like US. This paper re assimilate and scrutiny the circumstances surround the promotional and advertising Strategies for two automotive companies TOYATA and HUNDAI.The author is very curious about those companies, beca subprogram HUNDAI (1967) began railroad car harvest- billetion nearly 32 years after TOYOTA (1935) But now, in all aspects almost(prenominal) companies are equal in quality, crossing, commercializeing, price and customer service, even HUNDAI is further HMC (Hyu ndai Motor Company) was unknown trade name with low quality and chintzy price cars, but after it came in the US market converted its products to high quality and high life quickly and stealing loyal customers away from many indus travail pi unityers But how was this late-moving car maker equal to gain an advantage in this extremely competitive market?(Graf B, 2013) Introduction Definition of Advertising The depot Advertising first appeared in the 17th century. It has its root in the Latin word advertere, which means, to make people nonice or know. It can be roughly explained as to extensively notify the public. According to the mental lexicon of Chinese Etymology, the Chinese definition of advertising means, openly announce to the public, with the annotation of such as place up notices or publishing advertisements in unsandedspapers. (Yan Boqin, 1978) Definition of merchandising Marketing is an economic term meaning promotion and distribution.Originally applied in agri c ivilization, it drew much and more attention after the nineteenth century and spread rapidly. From economic, social, business and customers angles, the property of its definition can be determined (Li Zongru, 2004). For highlighting the grease in the eyes of public and attracting new customers, product promotion is one of the essentials. There are many channels to promote a product or service. Successful promotions strongly depends on believe and culture of people, style of living, income level, government policies and economical and industrial infrastructures.Some firms enforce multiple methods, while separates may use different methods for various marketing purposes. Irrespective of the type of service or product, a strong class of promotional strategies can help positioning the caller-up in a favorable light with not only current customers but new ones as well. The following are top ten promotional strategies 1- Contests, 2-Social Media, 3-Mail Order Marketing 4-Product G iveaways, 5-Point-of-Sale Promotion and End-Cap Marketing, 6-Customer Referral Incentive Program, 7-Causes and Charity, 8-Branded Promotional Gifts, 9-Customer Appreciation Events, 10-After-Sale Customer Surveys (Carl Hose.2014 Small businesses Retrieved celestial latitude 2, 2014 from http//smallbusiness. chron. com/top-ten-promotional-strategies-10193. html) equivalence the promotional strategies used by Toyota and Hyundai for a similar product Today almost all of carmakers induce a lot of experiences and they curb access to modern and new technologies. So they can produce serious quality and good design cars and also offer good services to customers, e redundantly in US, in that location is no way to sell any products with low quality and low customer service. In go forth the best promotional strategies are those that involve culture, attitudes and beliefs of the people. The following are some examples of such strategies.Green surroundings Increasing public awareness about environmental protection, governments blackjackd to implement hard regulation and criteria for motorcar firms. Toyota published on its website 1. Diversifying life force sources Toyota is burgeon forthing various new technologies from the perspective of energy saving and diversifying energy sources.Environment has been first and most important issue in priorities of Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous clubhouse and clean being. 2. Fuel carrel By generating electricity from hydrogen, Toyotas fuel cell vehicles are not only environmentally friendly theyre also highly energy in force(p). With such eco-friendly characteristics, Fuel Cell Vehicles are the next step toward achieving sustainable mobility. 3. Plug-In Hybrid Introducing the next step for eco-friendly cars a combination of the proven engineering of current intercrosseds with home recharging.It has an increased electric range and produces lower emissions. 4. Measuring environmental issues surrounding v ehicles For more improvements in efficiency, Toyota proactively manages situation train efficiency, reduces vehicle load, and controls energy management by integration of fuel-saving technologies such as charge control, idling stop, etc. 5. Various vehicles Along with our emphasis of conventional vehicles and hybrid vehicles as fundamental sum total technology while pursuing further advancement. 6.Alternative fuels Based on these core technologies, Toyota will develop next-generation vehicles utilizing alternative fuels such as gas fuel, electricity and hydrogen. (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. toyota-global. com/innovation/environmental _technology/) Hyundai published on its website 1. Blue Drive Our Blue Drive technology gives you lower pollution and high cognitive process. Blue Drive is a philosophy that guides Hyundai in its effort to become the automotive leader in sustainability.Its helped focus our engineers and designers on creating lighting vehicles, dev eloping more efficient power trains and even inventing copyrighted hybrid technologies. 2. Plug-in and zero-emission In the future, Blue Drive will expand to include plug-in hybrid vehicles, zero-emission electric vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles that enumeration entirely on hydrogen. Their only emission is water. 3. Electric hybrid Hyundai introduced the first electric hybrid with turn on performance. Our engineers have invented the industrys most advanced hybrid vehicle. 4.New battery Unlike other hybrids on the market, ours uses a patented Lithium Polymer battery. It has 40% less volume its 25% lighter and 10% more efficient. The battery also has a longer life-span-it comes with a life meter warranty guarantee. So you can feel good about preserving the environment for the life of your vehicle. (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from https//www. hyundaiusa. com/new-thinking/environment. aspx) Slogan An advertising shibboleth is usually a short tag identify less than five words that tells potential customers the gains they can expect when choosing your product or service, or establishes your company brand. (Kristen Hamlin, 2014 Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//smallbusiness. chron. com/ importance-ad- guide words-31343. html) 1. Toyotas ownership slogans marketing efforts in North the States have focused on emphasizing the positive experiences of ownership and vehicle quality. The ownership experience has been tar suited in slogans such as You asked for it You got it (19751979) Oh, what a feeling (1979 September 1985, in the US) Who could ask for anything more? (September 1985 1989) I savour what you do for me, Toyota (19891997) Everyday (19972001) Get the feeling (20012004) Moving Forward (20042012) and Lets Go Places (2012present). 2. Hyundais Brand slogan NEW THINKING. NEW POSSIBILITIES. reflects the will of Hyundai Motor Company to create new possibilities to benefit the world and its people by encouraging and developing new thinking. All memb ers of Hyundai have the brand slogan deeply engraved in their hearts as they move forward in their effort to suffer new evaluates and experiences desired by todays customers through innovative ways that are unique to the brand, driven by new thinking about customers and cars.( Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http//worldwide . hyundai. com/WW/ corporal/Corporate Information/BrandSlogan/index. html) New Compact Vehicle scheme According to the Ford India President, compact car gross gross sales are expected to double by 2018 from around one million units in 2013. This surge in demand in expected to be fueled by rising disposable incomes in the arcsecond most populous country in the world, and also owing to the increasing demand for fuel-efficient smaller cars due to rising fuel prices.( Trefis Team ,2014. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http//www. forbes.com/sites /greatspeculations/2014/06/13/tata-motors-looks-to-improve-passenger-car-sales-by-penetrating-the-compact-segment/) 1. Toyota The automobile market in emerging markets is suppuration each year in tandem with the economic growth of each country. Within those markets, there has been pronounced growth in the sales of compact vehicles, so Toyota is promoting a new compact vehicle dodge that emphasizes the compact vehicle lineup and seeks to meet the demand of consumers in emerging markets. 2. Hyundai The South Korean car maker ranked seventh among mass-market brands in the this years U. S.Initial Quality Study by J. D. causation and Associates, topping such brands as Toyota, Infiniti, Audi and Lincoln. Hyundais Accent compact and Elantra small car were named among the top troika cars in their segments. (Hans Greimel, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. autonews. com/article /20101206/RETAIL03/ 312069982/hyundai-plans-new-brand- schema) Financial Services Strategy Every year, millions of people around the world transition out of poverty in any number of waysby adopting new gardeni ng technologies, investing in new business opportunities, or finding new jobs, for example.Effective tools for saving, sending, and borrowing property and mitigating financial risks can help people weather setbacks and achieve great financial stability over the long term. (Retrieved December 4, 2014 from http//www. gatesfoundation. org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Financial-Services-for-the-Poor) 1. Toyota Toyota Financial Services has constructed a global network that covers approximately 90% of the markets in which Toyota sells its vehicles. Mainly concentrated on auto loans, leases and Toyota dealer floor plan requirements, TFS provides auto sales financial backing to approximately 5. 4 million customers.Thus effectively helping them in making their own cars more affordable to their potential consumers all around the world. Again being a strategy that helps them a stronger challenger in the market. 2. Hyundai Through our service brands, Hyundai Motor Finance and Kia Motors Finance, we provide financial products tailored to meet the needs of Hyundai and Kia dealerships nationwide, including dealer inventory and facility financing. And, through these dealerships, we provide indirect vehicle financing and leasing solutions to over 1 million retail customers.Our subsidiary, Hyundai security measure Plan, Inc.offers vehicle service contracts and other vehicle protection products under the Hyundai Protection Plan and Power Protect brands. (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. Hyundaicapital america. com/hca. aspx) Two uses for consumer-oriented promotions that could assist a company in both the short and long term for the carmaker companies What are consumer-oriented sales promotions? There are two points of view 1- Retail Promotions consist of inducements offered by retailers to consumers includes retail coupons, price discounts, double coupons, special displays, features etc.2- Consumer Promotions consist of inducements offered by manufacturers to consumers includes manufacturers premiums, bonus packs, coupons, samples, rebates, etc. There are some reasons for the importance of the sales promotion. First, the growth of retailer power in distribution channels has led to an excess in consumer promotions. Sometimes, manufacturers make special offers to consumers because a powerful retailer insisted that they do so. Another time, as a way of neutralizing retailer power by intensification the bonds of loyalty consumers may feel toward the brand.Either way, retailers frequently serve as the driving force behind consumer promotions. Second, the type of competition has converted significantly during recent years resulting in ever greater consumer price sensitivity. The growing of brands and brand extensions, intensity segmented consumer markets, and lower brand loyalty have have to make consumers much more aware of price given that many product categories are dwell by several competitors. Third, price deals have become the rule rat her than the exception for many products.Rebates on certain brands of automobiles, department store sales, and coupons on many grocery items are only a few areas where consumers have grown to expect price breaks. Indeed, the expectation is more than, when possible, many consumers will wait for promotional offers rather than buy with no deal. Fourth, advertising clutter has forced marketers to find new ways of getting consumer attention. Product benefits alone frequently prove insufficient to prompt consumer action much less get their attention.Thus, marketers increasingly look to sales promotion to find ways of breaking through to customers who face a constant bombardment of promotional messages. Eventually increasing of consumer promotion can also be attributed to more pressure on marketing management for short-term results. Investors want to immediate bottom-line results rather than the long-term wellness or stability of the companies in which they invest. Sales promotions are to ols to increase near term sales. However, as their use becomes more common, their appeals become regular and recurring and therefore potentially self-defeating.(Retrieved December 5, 2014 from www. udayton. edu/ /Consumer%2520Promotion. p) The strategic air in which the leading car company has made its pricing decisions by using one or more of the four pricing objectives The four Ps of marketing is the combination of product, price, place (distribution), and promotion. Marketers develop strategies around these four areas in marketing to enhance branding, sales, and profitability. (Ross Gittell, 2014, Retrieved December 5, 2014 from http//catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/3157? e=gittell_1. 0-ch06_s02).Price is the only receipts generating element amongst the 4ps, the rest being cost centers. Pricing objectives or goals give the company direction to the altogether pricing process and consider the following 1- Survival 2- Get competitive advantage 3- Financial, mark eting, and strategic objectives of the company 4- Enhance image of the firm, product or brand 5- Hold price leadership 6- Increase market share 7- Consumer price point and elasticity 8- Available resources 9- Catch fool of return of investment and sales 10- Prevent new entrants 11- Match competitors prices.Toyota gets credit for being the most known brand on the market however the Corolla comes up nowhere in the competitor charts in terms of price, model distinction, or performance (TrueTrends, 2012). Providing a competitive advantage for the Corolla requires differentiating the car in pricing, quality, service, innovation, brand, convenience, and anywhere else that makes it more desirable over its competition (McCrimmon, 2008). How Toyota as a leading company can offer lowest prices? i. e. $89 a month for lease The answer is by maintaining its lowest costs.Along with differentiation Toyota also uses low cost to try and gain a competitive advantage in the automotive industry. Toyo ta is (or was at the time) the low cost manufacturing business in the industry. Toyota achieves its cost leadership strategy by adopting lean production, careful choice and control of suppliers, efficient distribution, and low servicing costs from a quality product. (Michael E. Porter, 2013) This quote from Michael Porter sums up how Toyota achieves this low cost strategy. Through research, it is evident that Toyota is still the low cost leader in the automotive industry.Societal trends have moved away from an individualistic culturewhich identified social status and hierarchy based on material possessionsto an environmentally aware society (Grewal & Levy, 2012). With consumers minds wrapped around things like fuel mileage, cleaner emissions, and hybrid technology we find them moving further away from SUVs and trucks (Farooq, 2012). However, the 2013 Corolla is foreshadowed to be outshined by the Dodge Dart, as it loses some of its competitive edge in pricing and other award winning features (TrueTrends, 2012).By 2012 Toyota is planning to have more than 20 models that use batteries to extend fuel economy just like their Prius (Krolicki). Although they have not been as aggressive in the electric car market recently, like their competitors, they are planning to mercantile establishment a rechargeable version of their Prius by June 2012 (Krolicki). This re-chargeable version will position Toyota to attempt to take over as a low cost leader of hybrid technologies within the market, which supports Toyotas overall strategy of low cost (Krolicki).Two actions that other car companies may take in order to dissever themselves and gain a competitive advantage Hyundai rightly understood the consumer motivations to create magnetic products, price them strategically, position them sharply and keep making the magnetism more potent. Having understood the finer differences in consumer motivations, it opted for sharp pointer reasons-to-buy differentiation over the blanket-a ll approach taken by most of the other players. It is an aggressive marketer.It focuses on specialty and low price products. Hyundai has also started premium products range to capture the growing market. (Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 Retrieved December 9, 2014 from www. hyundai. com) The segments are based on type of customer like age group, attitude, end use of product, demographic behavior and purchasing power, status of the people of the region. Each competitor has its own strong point and value and position there product so as to attract maximum number of customers.(Kottler, Keller, Jha, Koshy, 2007, Marketing Management) Hyundai brand continues to dominate the market for premium cars, despite increasing competition. The firm should first consider the competitors price. If the company i. e. Hyundai contains features not offered by the nearest competitor, it should evaluate their worth to the customer and that value to the competitor price. Competitors are m ore seeming to react when there is high competition. In case of Hyundai, many products are there such as Sonata, Santro, Hyundai i10, Accent etc.Hyundai continues to provide stiff competition to Honda in all the segments and poses an even bigger little terror to expansion plans of Hyundai. (Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 Retrieved December 9, 2014 from www. honda. com) Two examples of the most effective advertising medium for a Car company The TV advertising have been having the largest audiences in all ages, but car buyers are specific ages who have not enough time to watching TV even less than one hour per day, because they are too busy in today competitive era.Instead the internet via chichi phones and computers is like a ghost became as a inseparable part of their life, at any time more than 15 hours a day, and even when they are eating, showering, walking, sporting, biking, swimming, and in any place even in high mountains and deep forests, roads and villa ges Another reason for effectiveness of internet rather than TV is new intelligence algorithms via data mining analyze the behavior of customers and put proper Ads to the web pages cogitate to the target customers with very lower advertising costs.As a most important subject which advertisers should also cave in attention to it is cultural differences, they have to be careful since cultures vary in different countries, they must escort the local audience culture before releasing new commercials, in order to avoid any misunderstanding. Another internet related way for advertising can be the online promotional games, such as Toyotas use of MSN commercial games to promote its products, for instance. There are two interactive contents focalisation on entertainment fun activities and downloads.Both of them were found in about one third of the hundred web sites, respectively. Fun activities were also utilized to promote the brand in the sites and they are not related to scores or per formance. Activities for fun included virtual test drive (www. gmc. com), virtual plant enlistment (www. cocacola . com), virtual auto show (www. lexus. com), e-cards (www. saturn. com), a coloring sheet (www. wendys. com), a virtual skin ravisher analysis (www. neutrogena. com), and so forth. Downloads promoting and affiliated with the companys brand were also analyzed.Desktop images such as wallpaper and icons were the most offered downloads, followed by music (Seounmi Youn, 2001, Retrieved December 9, 2014 from http//list. msu. edu/cgi-bin/wa? A3=ind0209c&L=AEJMC&E =0&P=3326464&B= _&T=text%2Fplain%20charset=us-ascii) For the carmakers, another impressive promotion method is complete test pose. The buyers are very keen to getting experience to drive with a brand new car and having the opportunity to really feel its advantages and disadvantages.For encouraging the customers to more participating in test drive activities, offering some gifts can always increase the vex and will ingness of then. Getting the best result always does not correspond with the cost of the advertising. So carmakers should choose their advertising media in accordance with today era. However as always, inviting stars to speak for different models with different appeals will have so effectiveness to increasing the public awareness. coating Some observers suspect that Hyundais recent successes may be anomalies, abetted by the difficulties that the companys U.S. and Japanese competitors faced after the global economic crisis, the rise in the yens value, Toyotas brandish of recalls, and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan and Fukushima nuclear disaster. Others say that the companys highly protected home market has enabled its growth, allowing Hyundai to establish a global presence while its domestic competitors restrict themselves to tiny slivers of the Korean market. But the single factor that has made the most difference is the companys own interest in building world-class capa bilities.Starting in 1998, Hyundais leaders set out to develop the kind of prowess the company would need to become a global automobile powerhouse, able to postulate its own in the United States and other fiercely competitive markets. Early on, that meant offering a all-encompassing warranty and taking specific steps to dramatically improve its quality ratings. Once customers were convinced of the brands reliability, Hyundai added other capabilities, such as design, which led to a more diversified product line and more stylish features. Meanwhile, it developed a knack for getting the word out through clever, accordant marketing.The result is a coherent mix of quality improvement, design, and marketing that gives Hyundai a clear advantage over its industry competitors. Although these are required capabilities at all automakers, Hyundai has excelled at combining them over the past decade, and its sales numbers reflect this success. The companys effort to become a world-class automa ker is pedigree to pay off, and its far enough along that its story can be credibly told.(Source Strategy & Business. February 26, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. strategy-business.com/article/00162? pg=all).References Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 www. honda. com Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 www. hyundai. com Carl Hose. 2014 Small businesses http//smallbusiness. chron. com/top-ten-promotional-strategies-10193. html Hans Greimel, 2011. http//www. autonews. com/article /20101206/RETAIL03/ 312069982/hyundai-plans-new-brand-strategy Kottler, Keller, Jha, Koshy, 2007, Marketing Management Kristen Hamlin, 2014 http//smallbusiness. chron. com/ importance-ad-slogans-31343.html http//www. gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Financial-Services-for-the-Poor Ross Gittell, 2014, http//catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/3157? e=gittell_1. 0-ch06_s02 Trefis Team, 2014. http//www. forbes. com/sites /greatspeculat ions/2014/06/13/tata-motors-looks-to-improve-passenger-car-sales-by-penetrating-the-compact-segment/ Seounmi Youn, 2001, http//list. msu. edu/cgi-bin/wa? A3=ind0209c&L=AEJMC&E =0&P=3326464&B= _&T=text%2Fplain%20charset=us-ascii Strategy & Business. February 26, 2013. http//www. strategy-business. com/article/00162? pg=all.

Nationalism

Home to unrival lead of the worlds close to densely populated and poorest regions in the world, S asideh Asia is made up of 8 dry cut downs including the islands of Maldives and Sri Lanka located at the southern tip of the region. The region is in a equal manner wholeness of the most heterogenous in terms of language, races and religion such as Hindiism, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Islam. Inevitably, this very renewal has social movementd a good deal threat to the social fabric, surety and harmony of the res publicas both domestically, intra- internally and inter acresally. This is non to say that all conflicts be ethnic-based in that location ar other(a) prominent conflicts arising from territorial disputes, particularly the on-going Kashmir imbroglio.The South Asian region altogether has seen m any(prenominal) historical moments with regards to nationalism in the bypast decades. This essay bequeath be looking into the struggles of Awami League, a Bengal i nationalist opposition party, for the liberation of Bangladesh (formerly atomic number 99 Pakistan) from Pakistan (formerly West Pakistan). Before anything, it is imperative to prove suck what nationalism way.Defining the term nationalism fieldism has never had a concrete definition o flee to its broad concept which differs from star sociopolitical climate to another(prenominal). Scholars, however, throw saturnine attempted to define this ambiguous term for pragmatic purposes. Anthony Smith defines nationalism as an ideological movement for the attainment and maintenance of liberty, unity and identity on behalf of a population close to of whose members deem themselves to constitute an actual or potential nation (Smith). It is essentially a manifestation of ideological endings they hope to achieve through united trys. It is embedded in the behavior and thoughts of idiosyncratics, who then spread this political theory in the form of politics. At the intercept of the d ay, they hope to achieve statehood.On this basis, it is agreeable that nationalist movements commit to actualize their political goals. Pakistans nationalist movement was manifested in the implore for a separate fatherland for the Muslims in 1947. Bangladeshs nationalist movement is, similarly, rooted in the demand for a separate homeland. Being subordinates vis--vis the West Pakistan since 1947, they demand a homeland to protect and preserve their interests. An autonomous homeland in which they would be free from the Hindu Muslim domination that is the West Pakistan and the unjust discrimination. Urdu or Bengali?It is worth understanding that the breaking up of British India in 1947 into two separate nations of Pakistan and India was due to the belief that Muslims and Hindus welcome very distinct and naked differences in culture, language, practices and belief in which it was impossible to ever achieve a commonality (Moore). Propagated by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the proceeds of Pakistan was meant to be a Muslim nationhood, where the nation was to be construct in the name of Islam, withal know as Islamic nationalism.It is against this political backdrop that shaped the Bengalis fight for independence. The quest for the liberation of eastbound Pakistan angiotensin-converting enzymeted a year aft(prenominal) Pakistans independence. In February 1948, Muslim League led by then Prime curate Liaquat Ali Khan proposed that Urdu was to be Pakistans whole national language, against the depart of Bengali majority. Imperative a language is in building a national identity, quite inevitably, this spawned disgruntlement and acrimony at bottom the Bengalis as they felt neglected in the decision-making process. The governments stand to make Urdu the national language was just as Hindi was made Indias national language. On the other quite a little, the Bengalis stand was because Bengali is the language spoken by majority (54%) as comp bed to Urdu (7%) in Pakista n (Mussarat Jabeen).The resoluteness of Urdu as a national language led to protests in Dhaka in 1952 and up to nowtually the rescue of the language movement (Lewis) advocating for recognition of Bengali as a national language. This inter-wing linguistic war lingered and dark to pass forth a very controversial issue and strained relationships between the two wings. Little did they know, it was solely the start of what was to be the most extensive and profound effects to be recorded in the memorial of Indian sub-continent. Other forces at workThere was a conflation of numerous other aspects that led to the tumult of Pakistan. Since Pakistans independence, east Pakistan had been internally exploited and discriminated by their Western counterparts socioeconomically and politically. These disparities between the East and the West place the East at a disadvantage,z leading to the growth of jingoistic movements.Economically-wise, West Pakistan was mainly an agricultural deliver ance while East Pakistan was the bombasticst producer of raw jute and exporter of raw cotton. It goes without saying that the bulk of remote exchange came from East Pakistan (Sengupta). However, it was used for the imports of consumer goods in West Pakistan. Subsequently, trade deficit of West Pakistan was regularly financed by that of East who managed to arrest a trade surplus (Gull). This was the case for center government expenditure as intumesce. Between 1950 and 1970, total government expenditure was $30.95 billion. West Pakistan took a huge share of $21.49 billion while East Pakistan, despite having more than than 55% of the boorishs population, only got nigh 30% share of the total expenses (Ayaz).In addition, Bengalis had a s burn downty share in government services and military (Ahmar) and in the Pakistan International line of workport, there were only 280 East Pakistanis employee compared to 7000 from the West Pakistan (Oldenburg). Such economic and political ine quality fueled a sense of injustice which cater the festering dissatis incidention with the primaeval West government and hence the demand for East Pakistan to be an independent state.What exasperate the Bengalis sentiments towards an independent state was the apathetic response of the Pakistani government during the November 1970 cyclone. Cyclone Bhola, one of the most catastrophic intrinsic disaster, claimed about 500,000 lives and left thousand others starving. With all the international aid and assistance f ruggeding into the east wing from the US and other parts of the world, the central Pakistani government did nothing more than allocating a angiotensin converting enzyme helicopter to fly over the compass, assessed the accompaniment and declared the day it as major calamity area . It is heretofore further exacerbated that this response took more than a week later. The callous response of the government led to high levels of anti-West Pakistan get holding (Najam).This is and a manifestation of the lack of pathos and the altruistic character of the central government towards the victims of the disasters. In fact, in a press conference after the disaster, Sheikh Mujibur declared that East Pakistan must achieve self-rule by ballot if possible, and by bullet, if necessary (Ludden). After being patently treated as second-class citizens and not being given assistant from their very own national counterparts, they felt a heavy(p)er need to attain autonomy.In East Pakistans demand for niftyer autonomy and equal power-sharing, the emergence of Bangladesh whitethorn stupefy been avoided if East Pakistan acted according to the 1970 general elections results. Awami Leagues party won a landslide victory by successfully capturing all exclusively 2 seats in the east-wing. This meant that Mujibur would fit the Prime Minister, and thus be able to preserve and protect the interests of Bengalis (Oldenburg). However, the West Pakistan administration were un willing to accept, cueing a constitutional crisis that led to the 1971 civil war (The Guardian).The victory of Awami League meant that the new constitution was to embody the partys Six-Point schedule . First articulated in February 1966, the doctrine was vested in a common goal that East Pakistan should be given as equal an autonomy to govern their province and protect their interests (Oldenburg). That they would be treated and seen as equal in the look of their fellow compatriots in the other wing. The doctrine is important in spotlight the justification of East Pakistans separate state. Their liberation is strongly vested in the idea of being able to induce and exercise power and preserve and practice their Bengali identity and culture.Let us not embarrass that leading up to the birth of Bangladesh, West Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight attack on the Eastern wing in 1971 to get rid of the Hindus whom they believed disembodied spirit enamord the nascent of Bengali O pposition (Oldenburg). enchantment there was an un certain(prenominal)ty of necessitate numbers, certainly thou smoothen died, thousands of women were raped, and a mass refugee was triggered (DCosta). This mass genocide was the last straw that thus fartually led to Bangladeshs emergence. A breath of fresh airThe cauldron of emotions and sociopolitical and economic instability led to the growth of Bengali nationalistic movement. The lack of acknowledgement of the Bengalis fostered a culture of hatred surrounding the central government. East Pakistans separate homeland is compelling in terms demanding political power and control over economic resources and putting an end to the invidious discrimination and colonial exploitation by the West wing. Insurmountable and onerous the obstacles were, Bangladesh finally respire fresh air when West Pakistan conceded.NationalismWhat is the importance of nationalism in the lives of Todays callowness? Yahoo reply nationalismis a fill in fo r ones country and a desire to make her better. It is contrasted with unsubdividednationalism(or jingoism) in that nationalism and jingoism represent a blind loyalty to ones country however when it wrong (an character would be the mickle ofNazi Germany). Patriotism, on the other cave in, recognizes when its nation is wrong and fights to counterbalance the wrong even as it supports that nation. Patriotism is important in the lives of younker today for several reasons.One is because the juvenility of today will inherit the nation tomorrow. If youth do not become involved in making our nation better, they whitethorn not receive a nation worth inheriting. Second, the nation built by todays youth will be the nation they pass along to their own children. If young battalion today tender their children to have an America of independence, the young people of today must protect and entertain that emancipation by supporting our countrys greatness and running(a) to make her ever better. Third, the youth of today owe a debt to those of the past who sacrificed, worked ruffianly, and even died to build us a free nation.To constrain faith with those who have gone onward and upon whose toil and sacrifice the nation was built, youth need to show patriotism. Are We The spring chicken Not fast(a)? Think Again (An Appeal) I do not like to generalize, but most Indians who are 40 plus consider todays youth as not chauvinistic. Patriotism per-se means love for the nation, and we youth have no dearth of it. As youngsters, born in independentIndia, we harbort had the opportunity to see how our people toiled for a century to attain freedom. about of us have not witnessed the four wars that were fought by our Armed forces in 1947, 1962, 1965 and 1971.Thus, we may not thumb our eyes irrigate we hear Lata military personnelgeshkars Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon, the song that immortalized the sacrifice of Indian soldiers on frigid Himalayan peaks in 1962 and which brou ght snap to the eyes of Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru. Our interest in reading documents about great freedom fighters and freedom struggle, if any, is excessively academic, as our generation fails to really connect to that era. That, however, does not mean that we are not mindful of the hard work of our countrymen, because of whom, were living a dream life story in a vibrant and growingIndia, which has created a niche for itself in the world.Its just that we do not target with the heart and soul of freedom the way our elders may, because our relations with that era are not even second hand but third hand. Merely because of this disconnect we should not be classified as less jingoistic. It only makes us patriotic in our own special way the youths way. Had the youth lacked allegiance for the nation, where would the Navy, Army and Air Force have got their new recruits from? Those who join the forces are ready to give their life and that too without postulation for anything more than a remuneration to keep their family alive.Mind you, this remuneration is exactly same as the country pays to its Babus and Bureaucrats. While the whole country works only eight hours for that pay and gets paid extra time for every extra hour, it is they who work tirelessly 24 X 7, in adverse conditions and not even talk of overtime, so that their countrymen tin have a good nights sleep, day after day. Without the youth, the defense would have been crippled with only oldies and vacancies plaguing the Armed forces. Since this sorrow situation hasnt materialized, one can safely cerebrate that the belief that todays youth is not patriotic is nothing but a perception.What would have happened of Indian culture, values, tradition and way of life had it not been due to joint effort of our parents and us youngsters. Our parents brought us up in a cultured environment where traditions and groundbreakingism go hand in hand. We the youth have retailed and nurtured the Culture and Values of be ing Indian, while borrowing certain things from alien land which is attributed to our curiosity. training in western attire, talking in English, and having Mcdonalised our diet doesnt eat forward our indiannesss.Macdonald or not, when it comes to idli-dosa, squawker tanduri or dal-bati we are most enthusiastic. You must understand that Mcdonalisation is part of being hip in the crowd. plain while we may be living in a foreign land, working on foreign shores and earning in foreign currency, our traditions are practiced with same fervor, if not more. In some(prenominal) foreign land we maybe in, our earnings are sent back to India, to help our families and also help the Indian rescue grow with this added Forex capital. Youth isnt selfish, though it may be portrayed so.We may be more me driven but we also invert the m often enough to become we driven. On some planes were a force that is hard to beat. Had we not been a embodied bunch, Jessica Lal, Matoo and such other cases inc luding the quota debate would not have become a mini uprising. On some other, we can outwardly look selfish and overtly driven by success, though it isnt so in reality. We would select to be indianised in competition, treating others as peers, but the globalization of Indian economy forces us to be besides competitive if I may say, competitiveness is forced on us.Rather than critcising us, one should empathize with us because we are the victims of circumstances. We youth dont claim to be saints. We do go unrepentant on certain counts, but the older generation has al shipway been there to steer us away from them. Without the elders we youth would be like a rudderless boat, just swaying in turbulent waters. What makes us killers of a sort is the fact that were brought up the right way, as match individuals. Add to it the fact that no matter how low we may fall our families would always support us and help us rise, which is typically an Indian phenomenon.The security of Indian fa mily system gives us the courage to move ahead and realize our individual dreams and our dreams forIndiabecause we fully well understand that we have a fall back option our family. The youth also has modern ways of celebrating Indian achievements. We take pride in cheering forIndiain every sports publication with tricolour calico on our lawsuits. We feel exhilaration in watch Aamir Khan in Rang De, and we feel the shivers while watching Ajay Devgan in Bhagat Singh. We feel overwhelmed when any Indian does genius feats.Our pulse races when we hear the National Anthem. Were fill with energy when the song suno gaur se duniya walon-buri nazar na hum pe dalo-chahe jitna zor lagalo-sabse aagey hongey Hindustaniis played. We keenly track our perseverance and stock markets. We do this and so much more. We are patriotic, just that our ways of expressing it are different (read modern, mayhap even whacky). We try to do things differently, we try to innovate, and we try to show our love i n our own ways. We handle to ask, what more we can do to prove our patriotism?Do we scream our lungs out, or do we go out chanting patriotic songs in Prabhat Pheries (morning marches), tell us what we can do to get out of our stereotype portrayal of being not patriotic? Weve suppressed the air, water and land, but were yet to conquer every elderly Indians heart. We dont want to be known as a bunch of selfish people, whore money-minded and just looking for some fun, but as individuals whore dedicated to the nation with the same affection that the generations before us were.Our methods and ways to makeIndiathe shining star (that it was in the past) may be different, but we share the same cheri redact goal and the vision for modernIndiawith our elders. We know were making do, but sincere efforts always pay off and the speed of progress shall become a typhoon in times to come. In the end Hum Honge Kamyab (we shall succeed) in this race to balanced progress, and young Indians are here to makeIndiaa winner as much our elders did in their times.And India shall be a winner, if you, our elders, put faith in us, support us in this go-ahead and appreciate the efforts that are being done with due understanding that we converge for India. The situation isnt as bleak there is plenty of light seen at end of this tunnel to progress. On behalf of youngIndia, Id like to end this appeal with a quote- A mans feet must be planted in his country, but his eyes should abide by the world. George Santayana Please support us and guide us as we survey the world, while our police wagon beat forIndia, our blood is Indian and every drop of our sweat is shed to do something forIndia. 91 lyric poem essay on Patriotism in India for school and college students byKunal Free hear essay on Patriotism in India for school and college students . Patriotism lends a great dimension to a mans someoneality and it exalts him to rare heights of nobility. A patriot is not a person confined within t he narrow limits of his family and his intimate circle of friends. Patriotism enlightens us about our paramount duties to our nation, our fatherland, as dear and hallowed as our own mother. India has a proud heritage of the noblest patriots, who sacrificed all their belongings and even gave up their lives, for the cause of their motherland.The freedom struggle of India which was a golden chapter in the history of the country proverb the whole nation revolting against the insolent British, who brutally suppressed the patriotic spirit of the Indians, who were chased like dogs and lath charged when they raise their voices of protest. Our political struggle headed by the unique leader of leaders, Mahatma Gandhi, an embodiment of benevolence and tolerance, was a saga of victory for the Indians, who shed blood for a great cause, and the trail of their blood left indelible tag on the sands of time of their sacrificial spirit, which cannot be adequately described in words.This is an ag e when patriotism is at its lowest, when peoples narrow-mindedness, sectarianism and religious intolerance have raised their ugly heads. Man has fallen forgo to the vicious influences so pervasive in society which is witness to the worst acts of desperados? It is verbalise that Gandhi and his circle of friends were worthy patriots. Nelson Mandela, the great South African leader, who tirelessly fought for his African brethren, opposing the racist whites, is coterminous only to Gandhi. In fact, Gandhi was the inspiration to Nelson Mandela, who suffered imprisonment for many years.When he was frail and even when his moral speciality was eroded by the oppressive tactics of the whites he protested. His patience ultimately rewarded him with victory. The South African regimen consisting of the most imposing whites, who were highly prejudiced against the colored Africans, at last realized that it was no long-acting possible to keep the poor, meek Africans under their thumbs. Nelson Mandela was acknowledged as a doughty champion of the lowliest and the last. He was made hot seat of South Africa. Mr. Abdul Kalian, the President of India, is one of the greatest patriots.He is called the Missiles Man as he was implemental in entering many missiles into space. As a scientist and patriot, he stands supreme, and when he makes speeches he speaks of developing India as a great nation. A film on Abdul Kalama titled From Rameswaram to the Rashtrapati Haven has been produced. Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Abraham Lincoln, who abolished slavery in the US, Nelson Mandela and others of their like should rule our minds and influence us so that we too will follow in their footsteps and serve the nation.It may be utter that the patriots lives are a reminder to us of the everlasting truth that the whole nation is our land and that we should withdraw from no stone unturned to protect it from acts of gross injustice of the self-centered, the crooked, the violent and t he engineers of terrorism. Patriotism is a religious quality which ennobles man. In a patriots vision the image of his motherland assumes divinity and we can imagine how strong his spirit of patriotism was. Our relationship starts with our mother, father, sister, brother, aunt and uncle and goes on widening.We love one another in our small circle of family. We should love everyone in the vast family of our nation. If we begin to feel that our nation, our motherland, is one large family, we the people of the nation, will grow as one well-knit family. In this situation we feel we are related to one another as brothers and sisters. Unity is our strength. United we stand, divided we fall. From our childishness we should develop the spirit of loving one and all. There are none high or low. all(a) living creatures, whether insect, bird, fleshly or human being, has a right to live.This is the greatest message this is the most curious lesson. Patriot is one who loves and serves his own country as a loyal citizen. He is called a true patriot who loves his country and is ready to sacrifice his all for her cause, and wholeheartedly works for the welfare of his motherland. The land, on which one is born and brought up and lives, is naturally dear to him than any other land. This love for his birthplace grows into patriotism. If his motherland is attacked by the enemies, he does not hesitate to fight for the protection of freedom of his native land.He can do any thing to transfigure his country. He feels proud of his country. This patriotic feeling can be found in many great heroes in history. In India, we know many patriots who suffered inhuman distress at the men of the foreign rulers, because they love their country, and wanted to make her free from the shackles of the foreign rule. They were imprisoned, publicly flogged and had undergone inhuman torture for their fadeless patriotism. Still they did not step down, even at the cost of their life. They carried on their struggle for freedom for many years.This is true patriotism. A true patriot will go to the war with a smiling face to sacrifice his life, if needed. He will serve the poor and the distressed people of his country out of compassion that arises from patriotism. He will devote himself to the work of development of his own people. He does not bother about his personal interests or gains, when he goes forward with his spirit of patriotism. A true patriot is worshipped by his countrymen. They shed tears when he dies, as if, he was one of their nearest relations.NationalismWhat is the importance of patriotism in the lives of Todays youth? Yahoo answer Patriotismis a love for ones country and a desire to make her better. It is contrasted with simplenationalism(or jingoism) in that nationalism and jingoism represent a blind loyalty to ones country even when it wrong (an example would be the people ofNazi Germany). Patriotism, on the other hand, recognizes when its nation is wrong and f ights to correct the wrong even as it supports that nation. Patriotism is important in the lives of youth today for several reasons.One is because the youth of today will inherit the nation tomorrow. If youth do not become involved in making our nation better, they may not receive a nation worth inheriting. Second, the nation built by todays youth will be the nation they pass along to their own children. If young people today wish their children to have an America of freedom, the young people of today must protect and defend that freedom by supporting our countrys greatness and working to make her ever better. Third, the youth of today owe a debt to those of the past who sacrificed, worked hard, and even died to build us a free nation.To keep faith with those who have gone before and upon whose toil and sacrifice the nation was built, youth need to show patriotism. Are We The Youth Not Patriotic? Think Again (An Appeal) I do not like to generalize, but most Indians who are 40 plus consider todays youth as not patriotic. Patriotism per-se means love for the nation, and we youth have no dearth of it. As youngsters, born in independentIndia, we havent had the opportunity to see how our people toiled for a century to attain freedom. Most of us have not witnessed the four wars that were fought by our Armed forces in 1947, 1962, 1965 and 1971.Thus, we may not feel our eyes watering we hear Lata Mangeshkars Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon, the song that immortalized the sacrifice of Indian soldiers on icy Himalayan peaks in 1962 and which brought tears to the eyes of Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru. Our interest in reading documents about great freedom fighters and freedom struggle, if any, is also academic, as our generation fails to really connect to that era. That, however, does not mean that we are not mindful of the hard work of our countrymen, because of whom, were living a dream life in a vibrant and growingIndia, which has created a niche for itself in the world.Its just that we do not identify with the spirit of freedom the way our elders may, because our relations with that era are not even second hand but third hand. Merely because of this disconnect we should not be classified as less patriotic. It only makes us patriotic in our own special way the youths way. Had the youth lacked devotion for the nation, where would the Navy, Army and Air Force have got their new recruits from? Those who join the forces are ready to give their life and that too without asking for anything more than a remuneration to keep their family alive.Mind you, this remuneration is exactly same as the country pays to its Babus and Bureaucrats. While the whole country works only eight hours for that pay and gets paid overtime for every extra hour, it is they who work tirelessly 24 X 7, in adverse conditions and not even talk of overtime, so that their countrymen can have a good nights sleep, day after day. Without the youth, the defense would have been crippled with only oldies and vacancies plaguing the Armed forces. Since this sorrow situation hasnt materialized, one can safely conclude that the belief that todays youth is not patriotic is nothing but a perception.What would have happened of Indian culture, values, tradition and way of life had it not been due to joint effort of our parents and us youngsters. Our parents brought us up in a cultured environment where traditions and modernism go hand in hand. We the youth have retailed and nurtured the Culture and Values of being Indian, while borrowing certain things from foreign land which is attributed to our curiosity. Dressing in western attire, talking in English, and having Mcdonalised our diet doesnt eat away our indiannesss.Macdonald or not, when it comes to idli-dosa, chicken tanduri or dal-bati we are most enthusiastic. You must understand that Mcdonalisation is part of being hep in the crowd. Even while we may be living in a foreign land, working on foreign shores and earning in foreign curren cy, our traditions are practiced with same fervor, if not more. In whatever foreign land we maybe in, our earnings are sent back to India, to help our families and also help the Indian economy grow with this added Forex capital. Youth isnt selfish, though it may be portrayed so.We may be more me driven but we also invert the m often enough to become we driven. On some planes were a force that is hard to beat. Had we not been a collective bunch, Jessica Lal, Matoo and such other cases including the quota debate would not have become a mini uprising. On some other, we can outwardly look selfish and overtly driven by success, though it isnt so in reality. We would prefer to be indianised in competition, treating others as peers, but the globalization of Indian economy forces us to be excessively competitive if I may say, competitiveness is forced on us.Rather than critcising us, one should sympathise with us because we are the victims of circumstances. We youth dont claim to be saints. We do go wayward on certain counts, but the older generation has always been there to steer us away from them. Without the elders we youth would be like a rudderless boat, just swaying in turbulent waters. What makes us killers of a sort is the fact that were brought up the right way, as balanced individuals. Add to it the fact that no matter how low we may fall our families would always support us and help us rise, which is typically an Indian phenomenon.The security of Indian family system gives us the courage to move ahead and realize our individual dreams and our dreams forIndiabecause we fully well understand that we have a fall back option our family. The youth also has modern ways of celebrating Indian achievements. We take pride in cheering forIndiain every sports event with tricolour painted on our faces. We feel exhilaration in watching Aamir Khan in Rang De, and we feel the shivers while watching Ajay Devgan in Bhagat Singh. We feel overwhelmed when any Indian does geni us feats.Our pulse races when we hear the National Anthem. Were filled with energy when the song suno gaur se duniya walon-buri nazar na hum pe dalo-chahe jitna zor lagalo-sabse aagey hongey Hindustaniis played. We keenly track our industry and stock markets. We do this and so much more. We are patriotic, just that our ways of expressing it are different (read modern, perhaps even whacky). We try to do things differently, we try to innovate, and we try to show our love in our own ways. We wish to ask, what more we can do to prove our patriotism?Do we scream our lungs out, or do we go out chanting patriotic songs in Prabhat Pheries (morning marches), tell us what we can do to get out of our stereotype portrayal of being not patriotic? Weve conquered the air, water and land, but were yet to conquer every elderly Indians heart. We dont want to be known as a bunch of selfish people, whore money-minded and just looking for some fun, but as individuals whore dedicated to the nation with t he same affection that the generations before us were.Our methods and ways to makeIndiathe shining star (that it was in the past) may be different, but we share the same cherished goal and the vision for modernIndiawith our elders. We know were making progress, but sincere efforts always pay off and the speed of progress shall become a typhoon in times to come. In the end Hum Honge Kamyab (we shall succeed) in this race to balanced progress, and young Indians are here to makeIndiaa winner as much our elders did in their times.And India shall be a winner, if you, our elders, put faith in us, support us in this endeavor and appreciate the efforts that are being done with due understanding that we converge for India. The situation isnt as bleak there is plenty of light seen at end of this tunnel to progress. On behalf of youngIndia, Id like to end this appeal with a quote- A mans feet must be planted in his country, but his eyes should survey the world. George Santayana Please support us and guide us as we survey the world, while our hearts beat forIndia, our blood is Indian and every drop of our sweat is shed to do something forIndia. 91 words essay on Patriotism in India for school and college students byKunal Free sample essay on Patriotism in India for school and college students . Patriotism lends a great dimension to a mans personality and it exalts him to rare heights of nobility. A patriot is not a person confined within the narrow limits of his family and his intimate circle of friends. Patriotism enlightens us about our paramount duties to our nation, our motherland, as dear and sacred as our own mother. India has a proud heritage of the noblest patriots, who sacrificed all their belongings and even gave up their lives, for the cause of their motherland.The freedom struggle of India which was a golden chapter in the history of the country saw the whole nation revolting against the insolent British, who brutally suppressed the patriotic spirit of the Ind ians, who were chased like dogs and lath charged when they raised their voices of protest. Our political struggle headed by the unique leader of leaders, Mahatma Gandhi, an embodiment of compassion and tolerance, was a saga of victory for the Indians, who shed blood for a great cause, and the trail of their blood left indelible marks on the sands of time of their sacrificial spirit, which cannot be adequately described in words.This is an age when patriotism is at its lowest, when peoples narrow-mindedness, sectarianism and religious intolerance have raised their ugly heads. Man has fallen prey to the vicious influences so pervasive in society which is witness to the worst acts of desperados? It is said that Gandhi and his circle of friends were exemplary patriots. Nelson Mandela, the great South African leader, who tirelessly fought for his African brethren, opposing the racist whites, is next only to Gandhi. In fact, Gandhi was the inspiration to Nelson Mandela, who suffered impri sonment for many years.When he was frail and even when his moral strength was eroded by the oppressive tactics of the whites he protested. His patience ultimately rewarded him with victory. The South African Government consisting of the most autocratic whites, who were highly prejudiced against the colored Africans, at last realized that it was no longer possible to keep the poor, meek Africans under their thumbs. Nelson Mandela was acknowledged as a doughty champion of the lowliest and the last. He was made President of South Africa. Mr. Abdul Kalian, the President of India, is one of the greatest patriots.He is called the Missiles Man as he was instrumental in launching many missiles into space. As a scientist and patriot, he stands supreme, and when he makes speeches he speaks of developing India as a great nation. A film on Abdul Kalama titled From Rameswaram to the Rashtrapati Haven has been produced. Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Abraham Lincoln, who abolished slavery i n the US, Nelson Mandela and others of their ilk should rule our minds and influence us so that we too will follow in their footsteps and serve the nation.It may be said that the patriots lives are a reminder to us of the everlasting truth that the whole nation is our land and that we should leave no stone unturned to protect it from acts of gross injustice of the self-centered, the crooked, the violent and the engineers of terrorism. Patriotism is a spiritual quality which ennobles man. In a patriots vision the image of his motherland assumes divinity and we can imagine how strong his spirit of patriotism was. Our relationship starts with our mother, father, sister, brother, aunt and uncle and goes on widening.We love one another in our small circle of family. We should love everyone in the vast family of our nation. If we begin to feel that our nation, our motherland, is one large family, we the people of the nation, will grow as one well-knit family. In this situation we feel we are related to one another as brothers and sisters. Unity is our strength. United we stand, divided we fall. From our childhood we should develop the spirit of loving one and all. There are none high or low. All living creatures, whether insect, bird, animal or human being, has a right to live.This is the greatest message this is the most precious lesson. Patriot is one who loves and serves his own country as a loyal citizen. He is called a true patriot who loves his country and is ready to sacrifice his all for her cause, and wholeheartedly works for the welfare of his motherland. The land, on which one is born and brought up and lives, is naturally dear to him than any other land. This love for his birthplace grows into patriotism. If his motherland is attacked by the enemies, he does not hesitate to fight for the protection of freedom of his native land.He can do any thing to glorify his country. He feels proud of his country. This patriotic feeling can be found in many great her oes in history. In India, we know many patriots who suffered inhuman distress at the hands of the foreign rulers, because they loved their country, and wanted to make her free from the shackles of the foreign rule. They were imprisoned, publicly flogged and had undergone inhuman torture for their undying patriotism. Still they did not step down, even at the cost of their life. They carried on their struggle for freedom for many years.This is true patriotism. A true patriot will go to the war with a smiling face to sacrifice his life, if needed. He will serve the poor and the distressed people of his country out of compassion that arises from patriotism. He will devote himself to the work of development of his own people. He does not bother about his personal interests or gains, when he goes forward with his spirit of patriotism. A true patriot is worshipped by his countrymen. They shed tears when he dies, as if, he was one of their nearest relations.